Avian mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle alleviates the Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced gingival fibroblast senescence

Authors

• Han-Chieh Yang, Institute of Dental Sciences, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
• Earl Fu, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian, New Taipei City, Taiwan
• Yu-Tang Chin, Institute of Dental Sciences, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
• Ju-Sheng Shieh, Institute of Dental Sciences, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
• Wei-Ni Lin, Department of Dentistry, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
• Cheng-Yang Chiang, Institute of Dental Sciences, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, TaiwanFollow

Abstract

Background/purpose: We have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Polygonum multiflorum extract bio-pulsed avian mesenchymal stem cells exhibit anti-inflammatory and proliferation-promoting properties. A significant association has been identified between periodontitis, higher biological age, and accelerated biological aging. This study investigated whether the bio-pulsed EVs could alleviate Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-induced senescence in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs).

Materials and methods: Pg-LPS was used to induce cellular inflammation and senescence in hGFs. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and cytotoxicity was assessed with MTS. Senescence after repeated stimulations was evaluated by flow cytometry, SA-β-gal staining, and p16, p21, and p53 mRNA and protein (qPCR and Western blot), and telomere length (qPCR). Cell proliferation and apoptosis markers of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated by colorimetric assay.

Results: Cytotoxicity was noted in hGFs only at 5.0 μg/mL LPS. LPS at 0.5 μg/mL significantly upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expressions. Repeated LPS significantly increased cell size (1.0 μg/mL), the number of SA-β-gal-staining cells (0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL), and mRNA and protein expressions for p16, p21, and p53 (1.0 μg/mL), indicating senescence. Bio-pulsed EVs significantly increased CCK-8 but reduced LDH releases, indicating improved hGFs viability. Furthermore, the bio-pulsed EVs suppressed the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and senescence markers, but reversed telomere shortening.

Conclusion: Single Pg LPS triggered inflammatory responses in hGFs, whereas repeated exposures induced senescence. The bio-pulsed EVs effectively mitigated Pg LPS-induced inflammation and senescence, highlighting the preventive/therapeutic potential.

Recommended Citation

Yang, Han-Chieh; Fu, Earl; Chin, Yu-Tang; Shieh, Ju-Sheng; Lin, Wei-Ni; and Chiang, Cheng-Yang (2026) "Avian mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle alleviates the Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced gingival fibroblast senescence," Journal of Dental Sciences: Vol. 21: Iss. 4, Article 14.
Available at: https://jds.ads.org.tw/journal/vol21/iss4/14

Publication Date

2026

Received Date

Apr 13 2026

Accepted Date

June 23 2026

Final Revision Date

June 23 2026